In dairy farming, the activities can be categorized into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors based on their role in the production and supply chain:
1. Primary Sector (Production)
This involves the direct production of milk from dairy animals. Key activities include:
– Rearing Dairy Cattle (e.g., cows, buffaloes, goats)
– Breeding & Animal Husbandry (selective breeding, artificial insemination)
– Feeding & Nutrition (growing fodder, silage, balanced feed)
– Milking (manual or machine milking)
– Animal Health Management (vaccinations, disease prevention)
2. Secondary Sector (Processing & Value Addition)
This involves converting raw milk into various dairy products:
– Pasteurization & Homogenization (processing raw milk for safety)
– Cheese, Butter & Yogurt Production
– Milk Powder & Condensed Milk Manufacturing
– Ice Cream & Dairy Desserts
– Packaging & Quality Control
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3. Tertiary Sector (Distribution & Services)
This includes the marketing, sales, and support services for dairy products:
– Transportation & Cold Chain Logistics
– Retail & Wholesale Distribution (supermarkets, local vendors)
– Marketing & Branding
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armer Support Services
– Veterinary Services & Farm Consultancy
– Dairy Technology & Research
Key Linkages:
– The primary sector supplies raw milk to the secondary sector.
– The tertiary sector ensures processed dairy products reach consumers efficiently.
– Many large dairy farms integrate all three sectors (e.g., cooperatives like Amul or Fonterra).
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